B1 adjectives and adverbs:

• Compare and contrast adjectives ending in -ed and -ing, such as "exciting" and "excited", "annoying" and "annoyed", "fascinating" and "fascinated", etc."

• Adverbs of frequency such as "constantly", "rarely", "regularly", "frequently", "occasionally", "seldom", "often", and "never"

• The correct word order for adverbs of frequency.

• Comparative and superlative forms of irregular adjectives, such as "Bad - worse - the worst."

• The use of "same" and "as" to express similarity, such as "My car is the same colour as yours." and "She wears the same size shoes as her sister."

• The use of "as... as" to compare two things, such as "She is as tall as her father." and "My car isn't as fast as yours."

• The difference between "like", "alike", and "slightly", such as "The movie was like a rollercoaster.", "The twins look alike", and "She was slightly annoyed."

B1 present tenses:

• Present simple tense: "I enjoy playing tennis." "He studies Spanish in his free time."

• Present continuous tense: "I am currently reading a book." "They are practicing their English skills."

• Present perfect tense with time expressions like "for", "since", "yet", "already", "never", "ever", "just", etc. For instance, "I have never seen that film before", "She hasn't written yet", "We have just finished eating".

• Present perfect continuous tense to talk about ongoing actions up to now, for example, "I have been learning English for ages".

• The passive voice, e.g. "The essay has been edited multiple times." "The report is being written." "The house has been renovated."

• Present progressive for future events, e.g. "What time are you meeting tomorrow?" "I'm flying to Paris next week."

• Simple present for future events, e.g. "The train leaves at 7 PM tonight." "Our flight departs at 6 AM tomorrow."

• Reported speech, e.g. "He told me he was going to the store." "She said she had never been to Paris."

• There is/are, e.g. "There is a cat in the tree." "There are many books on the shelf."

B1 conditionals:

• Zero conditional e.g. "If it rains, the grass gets wet."

• First conditional e.g. "If I have time, I will go to the gym."

• Second conditional e.g. "If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam."

• Third conditional e.g. "If we had played better, we would have won."

B1 conjunctions

• Conjunctions that express cause and effect or contrast, such as 'so', 'because', 'although', 'however', 'while', 'when', 'before', 'after', 'until', 'as long as', 'whenever', etc.

B1 past tenses:

• Past Simple: "She cooked dinner for her family last night." "He finished his homework early."

• Past Progressive: "They were walking on the beach when it started to rain." "I was studying for my exam all morning."

• Past Perfect: "By the time we got to the cinema, the movie had already started." "He had visited Paris before he moved there."

• Past Perfect Progressive: "She had been studying for two hours before she took a break." "They had been waiting for the bus for over 30 minutes."

• Used to: "I used to play the piano when I was younger." "She used to work in a bakery."

• Passive Voice: "The cake was baked by my grandmother." "The letter was written by him."

• Reported Speech: "He told me he was going to travel the world." "She said she had already read the book."

B1 future tenses:

• Will for sudden decisions: "I will buy that shirt." "She will come with us to the concert."

• The future progressive: "They will be skiing in the mountains this time next week." "Will you be studying for your exams this weekend?"

• Going to for plans: "She is going to start a new job next month." "He is going to cook dinner for us tonight."

• Using the passive voice: "The project is going to be completed by next week." "The new bridge will be built by the end of the year."

B1 modal verbs:

• May/Might for probability: "It might rain later." "He may have already left."

• May/Might for polite request: "Might I borrow your pen?" "May I ask a question?"

• Can/Can't in past: "She couldn't find her keys yesterday." "He couldn't run the marathon last year."

• Can for polite request: "Can you please pass me the salt?"

• Can for probability: "We can expect a lot of traffic during rush hour."

• Could for ability: "She could speak three languages fluently." "He could play the guitar like a pro."

• Could for probability: "It could rain tomorrow." "The concert could be sold out."

• Must vs Have to: "I must finish this report by tomorrow." "I have to attend a meeting at 10 am."

• Must/Can't for deduction: "That must be her car in the driveway." "It can't be that difficult."

• Be able to in past/present perfect/future: "She was able to finish the project on time." "We have been able to save enough money for a trip." "He will be able to speak Spanish fluently after taking the course."

• Be able to for possibility: "We might be able to catch the last train if we hurry."

• Ought to for obligation: "You ought to apologise for being late. We ought to recycle more."

• Need for necessity: "I need to buy groceries for the week."

• Needn't for obligation: "You needn't bring a gift to the party."

• Need in past: "I needed to rest after a long day at work."

• Mustn't for obligation: "You mustn't smoke in here." "Students mustn't cheat on exams."

• Shall for suggestions and polite offers: "Shall we go out for dinner tonight?" "Shall I help you with your bags?"

B1 prepositions:

• Prepositional phrases indicating location and direction: "In the house", "from the park", "to the beach", "at the station", "into the room"

• Prepositional phrases indicating time and duration: "For five minutes", "from Monday until Friday", "on the weekend", "at midnight", "in the morning"

• Prepositional phrases indicating manner and attitude: "About the situation", "with enthusiasm", "from fear", "of the same mind"

• Prepositional phrases indicating relationship and inclusion: "Among the group", "until further notice"

B1 pronouns:

• Indefinite pronouns such as "something" and "anything".

• Reflexive pronouns such as "yourself," "ourselves," "themselves," "itself," "oneself," and "myself".

B1 questions:

• Complex question tags, such as "She's a doctor, isn't she?" and "He won't be late, will he?".

• Wh- questions, like "Who are you talking to?", "How did you get here?", and "What time is it?"